Largest Counties in Alabama by Population
Alabama, located in the southeastern region of the United States, is home to several counties that vary greatly in size and population. The state’s counties are each unique, with distinct cultures, economic activities, and demographics. This article explores the largest counties in Alabama by population, delving into their history, key cities, economic drivers, and demographic characteristics.
1. Jefferson County
History and Overview
Jefferson County, founded in 1819, is named after Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. The county is located in the north-central part of Alabama and has a rich history, particularly in the iron and steel industry, which played a significant role in its early development.
Major Cities
- Birmingham: The largest city in Jefferson County, Birmingham is the economic and cultural hub of the region. It is known for its role in the civil rights movement and has a diverse economy based on healthcare, banking, insurance, and education.
Population and Demographics
As of the latest data from Premiumcounties, Jefferson County has a population of approximately 660,000, making it the most populous county in Alabama. The county’s population is diverse, with a significant African American community, making up about 44% of the population. The median age in Jefferson County is around 38 years, with a balanced distribution of age groups.
Economy and Employment
Jefferson County’s economy is robust, driven by various sectors including healthcare, education, finance, and manufacturing. Major employers in the county include the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Regions Financial Corporation, and St. Vincent’s Health System. The presence of UAB, a leading research university, contributes significantly to the local economy and innovation.
2. Mobile County
History and Overview
Mobile County, established in 1812, is located in the southwestern corner of Alabama, along the Gulf Coast. It is one of the oldest counties in the state, with a history deeply connected to the early French, Spanish, and British settlements.
Major Cities
- Mobile: The county seat and largest city, Mobile, is a historic port city known for its vibrant culture, including the oldest organized Carnival or Mardi Gras celebrations in the United States. The city’s location on the Gulf of Mexico makes it a significant center for shipping and shipbuilding.
Population and Demographics
Mobile County has a population of approximately 413,000 people. The population is a mix of African Americans, Caucasians, and a growing Hispanic community. The county has a median age of 37 years and a slightly higher female-to-male ratio.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Mobile County is heavily influenced by its port, one of the busiest in the United States. Key industries include shipbuilding, aerospace, chemical manufacturing, and steel production. The presence of companies like Austal USA, Airbus, and the Alabama State Port Authority underscores the county’s importance in global trade and manufacturing.
3. Madison County
History and Overview
Madison County, established in 1808, is situated in the northern part of Alabama. It is named after James Madison, the fourth President of the United States. The county has experienced rapid growth in recent decades, particularly due to the expansion of the technology and defense sectors.
Major Cities
- Huntsville: The largest city in Madison County and one of the fastest-growing cities in Alabama, Huntsville is renowned for its association with the U.S. space program. The city is home to NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center and the Redstone Arsenal, a U.S. Army post.
Population and Demographics
Madison County has a population of around 390,000 people. The county’s demographic profile is diverse, with a mix of ethnicities and a median age of about 37 years. The presence of a highly educated workforce is a key characteristic of Madison County’s population, driven by the technology and aerospace industries.
Economy and Employment
Madison County’s economy is largely driven by technology, defense, aerospace, and education. Major employers include NASA, the U.S. Army, Boeing, and a growing number of technology firms in the Cummings Research Park, the second-largest research park in the United States. The county’s economic strength is bolstered by its highly skilled workforce and a strong emphasis on innovation and research.
4. Montgomery County
History and Overview
Montgomery County, established in 1816, is located in the central part of Alabama. The county is named after Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general. Montgomery, the county seat, is also the state capital and has played a pivotal role in the history of the civil rights movement.
Major Cities
- Montgomery: The capital city of Alabama, Montgomery, is rich in history and culture. It was a significant site during the civil rights movement, with landmarks like the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church and the Rosa Parks Museum.
Population and Demographics
Montgomery County has a population of approximately 225,000 people. The county is predominantly African American, making up about 55% of the population. The median age is around 35 years, and the county has a vibrant cultural scene, influenced by its historical significance and diverse population.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Montgomery County is diverse, with key sectors including government, military, education, and manufacturing. The presence of Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base significantly impacts the local economy, along with state government employment. Additionally, Montgomery has a growing manufacturing sector, with companies like Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama contributing to the local economy.
5. Shelby County
History and Overview
Shelby County, founded in 1818, is located in the central part of Alabama, just southeast of Birmingham. The county is named after Isaac Shelby, a Revolutionary War hero and the first Governor of Kentucky. Shelby County is known for its picturesque landscapes and rapid suburban growth.
Major Cities
- Alabaster: The largest city in Shelby County, Alabaster, is a thriving suburban community with a growing population. The city offers a high quality of life with numerous parks, shopping centers, and a strong public school system.
- Hoover: Partially located in Shelby County, Hoover is a major suburb of Birmingham and a significant retail hub, with attractions like the Riverchase Galleria, one of the largest shopping centers in the Southeast.
Population and Demographics
Shelby County has a population of approximately 223,000 people. The county is predominantly Caucasian, with a median age of 38 years. It is one of the fastest-growing counties in Alabama, driven by its attractive suburban communities, excellent schools, and quality of life.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Shelby County is closely tied to the greater Birmingham metropolitan area, with key sectors including healthcare, education, retail, and manufacturing. The county’s growth has been fueled by its strong housing market, commercial development, and a highly educated workforce. Major employers in the county include healthcare facilities, school systems, and retail centers.
6. Tuscaloosa County
History and Overview
Tuscaloosa County, established in 1818, is located in west-central Alabama. The county is named after the Choctaw chief Tuskaloosa, who encountered Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in the 16th century. Tuscaloosa County is known for its rich history, particularly in education and sports.
Major Cities
- Tuscaloosa: The county seat and largest city, Tuscaloosa, is home to the University of Alabama, one of the oldest and largest public universities in the state. The city is also known for its passionate college football culture, centered around the University of Alabama’s Crimson Tide football team.
Population and Demographics
Tuscaloosa County has a population of approximately 216,000 people. The county’s population is diverse, with a significant African American community and a median age of about 32 years, reflecting the large student population at the University of Alabama.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Tuscaloosa County is heavily influenced by the University of Alabama, which is the largest employer in the county. The university’s presence drives demand in various sectors, including education, healthcare, retail, and services. Additionally, Tuscaloosa has a strong manufacturing base, with companies like Mercedes-Benz U.S. International operating in the county.
7. Baldwin County
History and Overview
Baldwin County, established in 1809, is the largest county by area in Alabama and is located in the southwestern part of the state, along the Gulf of Mexico. The county is named after Abraham Baldwin, a U.S. Senator from Georgia. Baldwin County is known for its beautiful beaches, historic towns, and rapid population growth.
Major Cities
- Daphne: Often referred to as the “Jubilee City,” Daphne is one of the largest cities in Baldwin County and a popular suburb of Mobile. It is known for its quality of life, excellent schools, and scenic views of Mobile Bay.
- Fairhope: A charming city located on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay, Fairhope is known for its quaint downtown, vibrant arts community, and high quality of life. The city has been recognized as one of the best places to live in the South.
Population and Demographics
Baldwin County has a population of approximately 239,000 people, making it one of the fastest-growing counties in Alabama. The county’s population is predominantly Caucasian, with a median age of about 42 years, reflecting its popularity as a retirement destination as well as a family-friendly community.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Baldwin County is diverse, with key sectors including tourism, real estate, agriculture, and manufacturing. The county’s beautiful beaches and historic sites attract millions of visitors each year, supporting a robust tourism industry. Additionally, Baldwin County has a growing real estate market, driven by new residential and commercial developments.
8. Limestone County
History and Overview
Limestone County, established in 1818, is located in the northern part of Alabama, bordering Tennessee. The county is named after Limestone Creek, which runs through the area. Limestone County has experienced significant growth in recent years, particularly due to its proximity to Huntsville.
Major Cities
- Athens: The county seat and largest city, Athens, is a historic town known for its charming downtown, antebellum homes, and strong sense of community. The city is home to Athens State University, one of the oldest higher education institutions in Alabama.
Population and Demographics
Limestone County has a population of approximately 108,000 people. The county has a diverse population with a median age of 39 years. Limestone County’s growth is largely due to its location within the Huntsville metropolitan area, attracting new residents and businesses.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Limestone County is closely linked to the Huntsville area, with key sectors including manufacturing, agriculture, and education. The county has attracted several major employers, including automotive manufacturers, which have contributed to its economic growth. Additionally, Limestone County’s strong agricultural base continues to play a significant role in the local economy.
9. Lee County
History and Overview
Lee County, founded in 1866, is located in the eastern part of Alabama, bordering Georgia. The county is named after General Robert E. Lee, the Confederate general during the American Civil War. Lee County is known for its educational institutions and vibrant communities.
Major Cities
- Auburn: The largest city in Lee County, Auburn is home to Auburn University, one of the largest public universities in Alabama. The city is known for its vibrant college town atmosphere, strong educational system, and growing economy.
- Opelika: The county seat of Lee County, Opelika, is a historic city with a rich railroad history and a revitalized downtown area. Opelika is known for its charming neighborhoods, strong community spirit, and growing industrial base.
Population and Demographics
Lee County has a population of approximately 174,000 people. The county’s population is diverse, with a median age of 29 years, reflecting the large student population at Auburn University. Lee County has experienced rapid population growth, driven by its strong educational institutions and attractive living conditions.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Lee County is heavily influenced by Auburn University, which is the largest employer in the county. The university’s presence drives demand in various sectors, including education, healthcare, retail, and services. Additionally, Lee County has a growing industrial base, with several manufacturing companies operating in the area.
10. Morgan County
History and Overview
Morgan County, established in 1818, is located in the northern part of Alabama, along the Tennessee River. The county is named after General Daniel Morgan, a hero of the American Revolutionary War. Morgan County is known for its rich agricultural history and strong industrial base.
Major Cities
- Decatur: The largest city in Morgan County, Decatur, is known as the “River City” due to its location along the Tennessee River. Decatur has a rich history in river trade and industry and continues to be a significant industrial center in the region.
Population and Demographics
Morgan County has a population of approximately 123,000 people. The county has a diverse population with a median age of 39 years. Morgan County’s growth is driven by its strategic location along major transportation routes and its strong industrial base.
Economy and Employment
The economy of Morgan County is heavily influenced by manufacturing, agriculture, and transportation. The county is home to several major industrial employers, including companies in the automotive, chemical, and steel industries. Additionally, Morgan County’s strong agricultural base continues to play a significant role in the local economy.
